Site na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ígwè na ígwè, petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ, ụgbọ mmiri na ọkụ eletrik, na welded owuwu agbasaghị ịzụlite na ntụziaka nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ, nnukwu-ike na elu-parameters, na ụfọdụ ka na-arụ ọrụ na ala okpomọkụ. cryogenic, mgbasa ozi corrosive na gburugburu ndị ọzọ.
Ya mere, a na-eji ihe dị iche iche na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ dị elu dị elu nke dị ala, nke dị elu na nke dị elu, ígwè siri ike, na ihe dị iche iche alloy.Otú ọ dị, site na ntinye nke akara nchara na alloys ndị a, a na-ebute ọtụtụ nsogbu ọhụrụ na mmepụta ịgbado ọkụ, n'ime nke kachasị njọ ma dị njọ bụ ịgbado ọkụ.
Ihe mgbawa na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ n'oge ịgbado ọkụ na mgbe ụfọdụ n'oge ntinye ma ọ bụ arụ ọrụ, nke a na-akpọ mgbawa na-egbu oge.N'ihi na enweghị ike ịhụ mgbawa dị otú ahụ na nrụpụta, mgbawa dị otú ahụ dị ize ndụ karị.Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị mgbawa na-eme na usoro ịgbado ọkụ.Dị ka nchọpụta nke ugbu a, dị ka ọdịdị nke cracks, ha nwere ike roughly kewara n'ime ise ndị a:
1. Mgbawa na-ekpo ọkụ
A na-emepụta mgbawa na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ dị elu n'oge ịgbado ọkụ, ya mere a na-akpọ ha ọkụ ọkụ.Dabere na ihe nke ígwè a ga-eji welded, ọdịdị, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na isi ihe kpatara mgbawa ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-adịkwa iche.Ya mere, a na-ekewa ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na atọ: crystallization cracks, liquefaction cracks na polygonal cracks.
1. Crystal cracks
N'ime oge ikpeazụ nke crystallization, ihe nkiri mmiri mmiri nke eutectic na-eme ka ọ dị ala na-ebelata njikọ dị n'etiti ọka, na mgbawa na-eme n'okpuru nrụgide nrụgide.
Ọ na-emekarị na welds nke carbon ígwè na obere alloy ígwè na-adịghị ọcha (dị elu ọdịnaya nke sọlfọ, phosphorus, ígwè, carbon, na silicon) na welds nke otu-phase austenitic ígwè, nickel dabeere alloys na ụfọdụ aluminum alloys. etiti.N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, mgbawa kristal nwekwara ike ime na mpaghara okpomọkụ na-emetụta.
2. High okpomọkụ liquefaction mgbape
N'okpuru omume nke elu okpomọkụ nke ịgbado ọkụ thermal okirikiri, remelting na-eme n'etiti okpomọkụ-emetụta mpaghara na n'ígwé nke multi-layer ịgbado ọkụ, na cracks na-eme n'okpuru omume nke nrụgide.
Ọ na-emekarị n'igwe siri ike nke nwere chromium na nickel, austenitic steels, na ụfọdụ alloys dabeere na nickel na nso nso mmiri mpaghara ma ọ bụ n'etiti multi-layer welds.Mgbe ọdịnaya nke sọlfọ, phosphorus na silicon carbon dị na ala metal na waya ịgbado ọkụ dị elu, ọchịchọ nke mgbawa liquefaction ga-abawanye nke ukwuu.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-18-2022